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WHAT IS THE “MEMORY EFFECT”?
Memory Effect affects the run time of a traditional (NiCd) Nickel Cadmium Rechargeable Battery. There is some misconception about the word “memory”. Memory is commonly blamed for just about any battery failure known to man. The word ”memory” is derived from “cyclic memory”, meaning that a NiCd battery could remember how much discharge was required on previous discharges and then fail to regain a full capacity recharge. Improvements in battery technology have virtually eliminated this phenomenon. The problem with the modern NiCd battery is not the cyclic memory but the effects of large crystalline formation. (When we refer to memory, we are referring to the formation of crystals.) The active materials (nickel & cadmium) of a NiCd battery are present in crystalline form. When the memory Phenomenon occurs, these crystals grow, forming spike or tree-like crystals that cause the NiCd to gradually lose performance and shut off early . In advanced stages, these crystals may puncture the separator, causing high self-discharge or an electrical short. Crystalline formation only presents a problem if the battery is repeatedly recharged without a periodic full discharge. It is not necessary to discharge a NiCd before each charge. A full discharge to one volt per cell once a month is sufficient to keep the crystal formation under control. Such a discharge/charge cycle is commonly referred to as “exercise”.
If no exercise is applied for several months, the crystals engrain themselves, making it more difficult to dissolve. In such a case, exercise is no longer effective in restoring a battery and “recondition” is required. Recondition is a slow, deep discharge that drains the cell to a voltage threshold below one volt must be discharged to at least 0.6 volts per cell to dissolve the more resistive crystalline build-up. If you use NiCd batteries you should purchase a charger with a "conditioning" function to neutralize the crystalline build-up problem.
Not all NiCd batteries respond well to recondition. A battery that has been in service for over a year and had not been exercised regularly may have a capacity reading that dropped to a low 20%. Even with repeated recondition cycles, the battery may not improve to an acceptable capacity
Nimh Rechargeable Batteries have almost no Memory Effect. Nimh have a different internal chemistry and are not as susceptible to the same “memory” problems as NiCds. In fact Nimh batteries can and should be charged from any discharge state. This is a major advantage of Nimh batteries over NiCd.
